Glossary |
Boiler and boiler tube industry terms and their definitions.
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| Camber | The amount of curvature or deviation form exact straightness over any specified length of tubing. |
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| Capped Steel | Semi-killed steel which has characteristics similar to those of rimmed steels but to a degree intermediate between rimmed and killed steel. The capping operation limits the time of gas evolution and prevents the formation of an excessive number of gas voids within the ingot. |
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| Carbide | A compound consisting of carbon and other elements. |
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| Carbide Precipitation | "The phenomenon of carbides coming out of a solid solution, occurring in stainless steel when heated into the range of 800-1600 degrees Fahrenheit." |
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| Carbon Steel | "A steel consisting of essentially iron, carbon, manganese, and silicon. Carbon steel has no minimum content required for aluminum, chromium, cobalt, columbium, molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zicronium or any other element added to obtain alloying effect. Small quantities of certain residual elements are considered incidental." |
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| Carburizing | "Adding carbon to the surface of iron-based alloys by heating the metal below its melting point in contact with carbonaceous solids, liquids, or gases. Desired hardness and toughness properties are developed in the high carbon """"case"""" by quenching and tempering." |
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| Case Hardening | "A heat treatment in which the surface (case) of an iron-base alloy is made harder than the interior (core). Any of the following methods may be employed: flame hardening, induction hardening, carburizing, cyaniding, or nitriding." |
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| Charpy Impact Test | See impact testing. |
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| Check Analysis | "An analysis of the metal after it has been rolled or forged into semi-finished or finished forms. It is not a check on the ladle analysis, but is a check against the chemistry ordered." |
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| Chloride Stress Cracking- See Stress Corrosion Cracking | |
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| Cleanup | The amount of metal removal required to obtain desired dimensions and complete removal of inherent surface imperfections. |
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| Coefficient of Thermal Expansion | "A physical property value representing the change in length per unit length, the change in area per unit area or the change in volume per unit volume per one degree increase in temperature." |
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| Cold Drawing | "A process in which tubing is drawn at room temperature through a die and over a mandrel to achieve its final size and to provide better surface finish, closer tolerances, lighter walls, smaller diameters, longer lengths, or a different combination of mechanical properties from those possible through hot finishing or direct welding." |
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| Cold Reduction | The reduction of sectional dimensions of a tube by any of a number of types of cold-working operations. |
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| Cold Sinking | "Similar to cold drawing, except that the tube is drawn through a die, but without an internal mandrel. Usually used only for making heavy wall or small tubing, where drawing over a mandrel is impractical. Only outside diameter is closely controlled." |
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| Cold Working | Permanent plastic deformation of a metal below its recrystallization temperature. |
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| Conditioning | "The removal of surface defects (seams, laps, pits, etc.) from steel. Conditioning is usually done when the steel is in semi-finished condition (bloom, billet, slab). It may be accomplished, after an inspection, by chipping, scarfing, grinding, or machining." |
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| Copper-Copper Sulfate Test | An intergranular corrosion test for stainless steels. The specimen is placed in boiling copper-copper-sulfate-sulfuric acid for 24 hours after which it is bent to expose any surface intergranular attack. This test is often preferred over the Huey test because it requires much less time. |
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| Corrosion | Chemical or electrochemical deterioration of a metal or alloy. |
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| Corrosion | Pitting Corrosion- Non-uniform corrosion usually forming small cavities in the metal surface. |
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| Corrosion Intergranular | Intergranular Corrosion- Corrosion which occurs preferentially along the grain boundaries of the alloy. |
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| Corrosion Resistance | The ability to resist attack by corrosion. |
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| Corrosion-Galvanic | " Corrosion- Corrosion associated with the presence of two dissimilar metals in a solution (electrolyte). In principle, it is similar to bath-type plating in the sense that the anode surface has lost metal (corroded)." |
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| Creep Strength | The constant nominal stress that will cause a specified quantity of creep in a given time at a constant temperature. It is a measure of a tubes ability to withstand prolonged stress or load without significant continuous deformation. In steels it is an important factor only at elevated temperatures. |
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| Crown | "Crown, in plates, sheet, or strips, is characterized by a greater thickness in the middle than at the edges. It may be caused by a deflecting (bending) of the rolls or by worn rolls." |
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| Cut Length | Refers to tubing ordered to a specified length and permitting a tolerance of a standardized fraction of an inch over but nothing under the specified length. |
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| Cyaniding | A process in which an iron-base alloy is heated in contact with a cyanide salt so that the surface absorbs carbon and nitrogen. Cyaniding is followed by quenching and tempering to produce a case with a desired combination of hardness and toughness. |
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